Tuesday, September 5, 2023

The Search for Ella Cossill - Solving the Mystery of the Woman in the Photo

 

At last, and quite by accident,  here's who she is. 

One of the most enduring mysteries in our family research journey was the  photo of the woman with the gun. One family had the photo (below) with the name Ella written on the back of it, and it was logically believed that Ella was the name of the woman in the photo. It was the most evidence there was to work on in those pre-internet days.

 Through the processes of elimination and deduction, it was thought that this could be a photo of  the first-born child of Charles Cossill and Pourewa.  Ella was a family name across several generations. It was a logical conclusion.  For many years this photo has been shared, circulated and published in family histories with the name Ella as the only evidence, and we claimed this woman as our own. 

Thanks to the internet and all the research and genealogical information now so easily available, we have been able to identify an increasing amount of evidence about the Cossill family from their very beginnings in New Zealand.

When we recently discovered that "Ella" was actually called Sarah, and we found her on a whaling ship heading for New Hampshire, it became a challenge to match the same woman with this photo. The  firearm and bayonet - and the photograph itself - did not fit in timewise with Sarah's final departure from New Zealand in 1857.  

There were more questions than answers: If this isn't Sarah formerly-thought-to-be-Ella, then who was she? 

And then, quite by accident, thanks to a suggestion from distant-cousin-Celia to join the "Old North Auckland - Northland Photos & Stories" Facebook group, I stumbled across the photo of our by now mystery woman in an old  post. A Cossill descendant had posted the photo with the Cossill story,  and other people joined the conversation,  noting that they had the same photo  - but had a different name - and posted their same photo with their indisputable evidence. 

The name on their photo is Hene/Jane Maxwell (1862 - 1932)Hene/Jane was the daughter of Heremaia Te Wake and Maraea Topia  (and the half sister of Dame Whina Cooper). She married James Maxwell.

So after all these years of studying the photo for clues and thinking up all the possible contexts of who and where this woman was and how she fitted into our family,  it turns out she doesn't.  I'm quite saddened to lose her, but very pleased to have been able to solve that mystery at last and to "return" her to her own family after being a member of ours for so long.

  Although how she came to be in a collection of family photos with the name Ella on the back is another mystery. 

I am so very grateful to this amazing woman in the photo, Jane Te Wake, as even though it turns out she's not ours, by trying to prove she was Ella, we actually discovered Sarah Cossill, and we may not have done so otherwise. 

Grateful thanks to the Cossill descendants who instigated and contributed to the FB post that started this revelation and to Jane Te Wake's whanau who shared their information. Thanks also to NZ author Joan Druett, who had discovered our Sarah* long before we did.  Joan used information from an earlier post in this blog to join the dots to her information and started us on the process of matching her Sarah with our Ella, finding they were the same person.   And thanks to the ancestors for allowing a little bit more about themselves to be revealed.  Great team work, whanau!

As always, feel free to challenge, question or add to anything I've written.  Whatever helps us get to the facts is always helpful. See email option on the right, or add a comment at the bottom. 

Check out the Cossill label on the right for further posts about the Cossill story and Sarah's whaling adventure.

* Petticoat Whalers, Whaling wives at sea, 1820 - 1920 by Joan Druett (1991). Sarah has been hiding in plain sight since 1991 in Joan's book, pp 124, 126-7.

Follow this link to a blog post  by Joan Druett about Sarah Cossill Evans. 




Saturday, July 8, 2023

The Ella Cossill Story (Part 4) Sarah Evans becomes Sarah Heath

This is Part 4 of my research on the life of Sarah Cossill  (formerly thought to be named Ella Cossill), daughter of Charles Cossill and Pourewa, of Mangonui, New Zealand.  Please note there have been many variants of the spelling of Cossill and Mangonui over time, and some  have been used below where relevant. As always, please feel free to question, challenge, correct, clarify or add to any of my information below. It's a work in progress. Either leave a message at the end or email me (see side panel).  If you are a Cossill descendant or researcher, please feel free to join the private Face Book group, Descendants of Charles and Pourewa - all. 

To put Part 4 in context, Read the following posts first: 

Part 1

Part 2

Part 3

- - - - - - - - - - -

Some time after her return to America as a pregnant widow in 1857, and likely some time after the late Charles A Evans and Sarah's son Charles Herbert Evans was born in July or August that year, Sarah Cossill Evans met John Gerald Heath. Perhaps Sarah moved to Raymond, Rockingham for some reason and met John there, as that is where they were later married.  

Sarah Heath, formerly Evans, born Cossill with son Charles Herbert Evans c 1862

(Date calculated from the appearance of the age of the child.) 

Sarah's new husband, John Gerald Heath,  was born May 27, 1833, at Candia, in Rockingham County, New Hampshire.  He was about the fourth of at least 12 children of Samuel Heath and Mary Clifford.  Samuel was recorded as a labourer in the 1850 federal census and was by then living about ten kilometres away at Raymond, Rockingham, and John Gerald was aged 17 and at school.  By the 1860 census Samuel was a farmer and John was aged 27, living at the same address and was a cordwainer (shoemaker) along with his brother and at least 3 other men in the same street!

John Gerald Heath  History of Northfield, New Hampshire, 1780-1905

 On June 8th, 1861, Sarah Evans (born Cossill) married John Gerald Heath at Raymond, Rockingham, New Hampshire.  It's about 50 miles (80 kilometres) from Northfield, so I wonder how they got to meet, and  why they got married in Rockingham and not Northfield. I wonder if Charles Evans' family had opinions on the new relationship? 

The record (which is a copy from the original register) states that the groom's residence was at Raymond, and he was born at Nottingham, New Hampshire. The bride's residence was Sanbornton, New Hampshire (presumably still with the Tiltons), and it states that New Zealand was her place of birth. John was 28  and employed as a shoemaker, and Sarah was 25 and a domestic.  This was John's first marriage and Sarah's second, and the ceremony was conducted by a Justice of the Peace.  This would indicate that it was likely to have been a small ceremony. Note that neither mothers' names were included and Sarah's father's name is given as Charles Carssell - born in New Ireland.  This is likely to be a transcription error and should be New Zealand,  or it could be the hint we have been looking for to locate further evidence of his origins? It's unlikely to be a clue - more like a mistake in the paperwork, but there  was a short-lived New Ireland island settlement off the coast of Papua New Guinea and there was a place called New Ireland in Maine. There's no evidence of Charles Cossill ever being  in either place. It shows the importance of always going back to primary document for evidence.

"New Hampshire Marriage Records, 1637-1947"

"New Hampshire Marriage Records, 1637-1947"

Marriage register entry for Sarah's second marriage to John G Heath.
 
New Hampshire Marriages, 1720-1920 Film#0005511244 Image 70 of 474 

Note in Sarah and John G Heath's marriage registration (above) where it requires name and place of birth of parents: John G Heath supplies both his parents' names and places of birth, and Sarah writes her father's name  - Charles Cossell - but no place of birth.  What a missed opportunity for us to have learned or confirmed where he was born!  We can infer that she may not have known this information. She includes her mother's first name only - Margaret - and place of birth has been shortened to Zeland [sic].  Transcribers must have thought it was a maiden name of Leland.  Compare the original handwriting of Sarah's place of birth of New Zeland [sic] and you can see it's the same spelling - minus the "a" in each  Zeland and the same way of doing the capital "Z".  That is why it's always good to see the original copies of documents where possible. 

Sarah had at least three more pregnancies after Charles Herbert Evans was born and, so very sadly, none of her babies survived birth or early infancy. What must this have been like for her to go through each pregnancy and birth with increasing despair that this one, too, would end in tragedy?  

On 8th March 1862,  George William Heath was born to John G and Sarah Evens Heath - exactly nine months after their wedding - just saying. This must be the same child known as George Elmer Heath also recorded born 1st March 1862 and died 7 October 1862.  This child is buried at Tilton Cemetery, Belknap County, New Hampshire. 


Then one year later, on March 5th, 1863, Sarah gave birth to an unnamed stillborn baby boy. Sarah's maiden name was recorded as Sarah Evans. 

In June 1863 John G Heath, aged 30, shoe maker, was included in the list of new subjects to do military duty (US Civil War Draft Registrations Records 1863 - 1865.) I can find no evidence that he was involved in any active service - which is not to say that he didn't.

On October 12th, 1872, Sarah gave birth to an unnamed male. The father was recorded as John G Heath. There is no evidence that this baby lived for any length of time. 



The next information I can find about John and Sarah is the 1880 Census.  

1880 Census (16th June);
John G (47), and Sarah (44) Heath were still living in Northfield. Sarah's son Charles Evans (23) is living with them as a boarder. Sarah is 'keeping house", and both John and Charles are working at a woollen mill. John seems to have given up cordwaining (shoemaking).  They have 3 other boarders with them (two males and one female) who were also working at the woollen mill. Some time between 1880 and 1889 Charles started going by his stepfather's surname.  This may have been happening interchangeably up until this time, but it was locked in at the time of his marriage in 1889. 

In July 1886, John and Sarah  came by train from Tilton with delegates to a grand and raucous reunion of the GAR (Grand Army of the Republic)  at San Francisco via Los Angeles.  Delegates came from far and wide and a robust and jolly time seems to have been had by all. Check out this article in the Los Angeles Herald, 31 July, 1886,  for a very long-winded article about the event, but it gives you an idea of the company John and Sarah kept on the train and the experience they had. (John G Heath and Mrs J.G. Heath - Tilton - it has to be them!). If they weren't attending the reunion then, might they have been using the journey as an opportunity to visit Sarah's siter Marilla who had moved to the West Coast?  This theory awaits further research. See further below for an extract from the History of Northfield where it states than John and Sarah Heath went to Southern California several times for John's health.  Again, this possibly provided opportunities to catch up with Sarah's sister Marilla - to be explored in a later post. 

On 5th November, 1889, Sarah's son Chas Heath (formerly Evans) married Ida M Sanborn at Tilton, NH. Charles' occupation is railroading, and it is his first marriage and Ida's 2nd - she was divorced. 



 1891  Birth of John Samuel Heath: son of Charles Heath (formerly Evans) and wife Ida, and Sarah's first (and only - it seems - grandchild). 


1900 Directory
Charles H Heath is listed as a fireman,  living on Park St, Tilton. (Probably fireman on trains rather than putting out fires? See occupation below.) 

John G Heath is listed living on Granite Street, Tilton, and boarding house given as occupation. 


1900 Census (7th June)
Sarah and John G  Heath were living in Northfield, Merrimack. Sarah's birth is given as New Zealand in February 1836, and both her parents were recorded as born in New Zealand.  She declares having one child only and that one child is still living. Her stillbirths weren't counted as births, but sadly little George Elmer/George William's short life was not counted here either.  She  gives 1857 as the year of her immigration to US (not 1856, interestingly, when she first arrived with husband Charles A Evans). John and Sarah are operating a boarding house on Granite Street, and they have ten boarders living with them, including two married couples (two females in total).   All the boarders work at the woollen mill or hosiery mill apart from one man who is a rail road section guard.  



Still living in Northfield town in 1900, Charles Herbert Heath (57) gives August 1847 as his birth month and year and his mother's birthplace as New Zealand. He is a railroad engineer, can read, write and speak English and owns his own freehold house which is on a farm, although I see he has a mortgage on his property later on. The letter code was not very clear. Ida indicates her birth as February, 1857, and that she has had one child who is still living - their son John, 9 years old, at the same address. They have two young girls recorded as lodgers. Twelve-year-old Eva Dinsmore, born February 1888, attends school and can read, write and speak English. Her parents were both born in New Hampshire.  Six-year-old Ruth A. Cobbett attends school. Her father was born in New Hampshire and her mother was born in Ireland. Side note about Ruth: In the 1910 Census, Ruth (aged 16)  is recorded as living at home with her parents and also recorded in the home of her grandparents in Northfield. Maybe her parents included her as usually there, but she was actually at her grandparents at the time the enumerator visited? I can find no connection between the families. This Ruth is Ruth Adella Cobbett. Confusingly, there is another Ruth A Cobbett in the same vicinity and born the same year. I can see that some family trees have them mixed up. (Note: Ruth Adella had parents, brothers and sisters living nearby, and married into the Willey family who appear to be connected to Dinsmore, Heath, Evans and most of the other old families of Northfield.) Eva Blanche Dinsmore (1887 - 1957) was the daughter of Ida's brother Olin A Dinsmore and his wife Josephine Boucher. The marriage ended in divorce sometime after 1900 and Josephine remarried. Note that by 1920, Olin A was a full-time lodger with Charles and Ida. Eva became a nurse and married Robert L Cox. She died in 1957. Robert L Cox's grandfather was Sylvester E Cox who was Eva's mother Josephine's second husband. Confused?  


1901, on 28th December, John Gerald Heath died at Northfield, aged 68, from heart failure, with acute bronchitis as a contributing cause. 


New Hampshire, U.S., Death and Disinterment Records, 1754 - 1947

John G Heath died intestate, and Sarah and her son Charles had to petition the court to appoint Walter Wyatt of Tilton to administer his estate. 

1907: Sarah  Heath died on 11th May at Northfield after residing there for 52 years.  Her death certificate indicates her age was 71 years, 3 months and 8 days,  and gave her date of birth as 3 February, 1836 at Mangonui, New Zealand. Note that her name says Sarah C Heath - the C is probably a reference to her maiden name Cossill.  Her colour was given as white. Her father's name was given as John Corsell, a farmer born in New Zealand.  Sarah's mother's maiden name was not given.  Sarah had been suffering from nephritis for four years. 


 Sarah also died intestate, and her only son, Charles Herbert Heath petitioned the court to have the administration of her estate, which was valued at $3,500 worth of real estate.  




The graves of  Sarah Heath born Ella Cossill, John Gerald Heath, and their son George Elmer Heath. (Source: Find a Grave) 

And so, after a life spanning so much of early colonial New Zealand history and  some of the most significant events in American history, Sarah Cossill-Evans-Heath died on the other side of the world, far from where she was born to a released captive Maori woman and an illiterate English sailor-turned-labourer. 

For many years, Sarah had been "lost" to her New Zealand  family connections, likely after the last of her siblings with any memory of her passed away.  Sarah having had no descendants after her grandson John Samuel Heath also contributed to our "loss" of her.  There was no0 one left in America to remember her. Even though other Cossill descendants had been looking for her,  she was thought to be called Ella - and that, of course, led us to brick walls.  

Our discovery of Sarah is totally thanks to New Zealand historian and writer Joan Druett who was searching for a Sarah Gorsell, wife of whaling captain Charles Evans who was buried on an island in Mangonui, within sight of his father-in-law's house. From that tiniest piece of information, published in the newspaper in 1857, we found Charles and Pourewa's daughter - and much more. 

Charles Evans and Sarah Cossill had long been lost to their respective families and, poignantly, each of their graves has long lain forgotten in the vicinity of each other's homes. We don't know the exact location of Charles Evans' grave, although it can be assumed to be in the same location as Pourewa's.   Sarah is buried in Park Cemetery, Tilton, Belknap County, New Hampshire.  Her family details have now been added to the  Find a Grave

And - most special of all, just recently, Cossill-descendent Sue and her grandson Michael were able to visit  Sarah and her family's grave at Tilton while holidaying in New Hampshire.  We can be pretty sure that this is the first visit Sarah has had from a New Zealand family member. It  feels so special to have been able to connect Sarah back to her family after so many years.  All we need to do now is to find Chares Evans' grave on Paewhenua, then they can both rest peacefully.  

Stay tuned for my next posts which will be about what happened next to Sarah's son Charles and his family, and answer the question, "Did Sarah ever catch up with any of her family again after leaving New Zealand in 1857?"

 Sources
Petticoat Whalers by Joan Druett (1991) 
Family Search 
Find a Grave
Ancestry.com
My Heritage 
History of Northfield, New Hampshire, 1780-1905

Monday, May 15, 2023

The Ella Cossill Story, Part 3: Sarah Evans Returns to America

 This post  is Part 3 of a series which adds to the story of English-born Charles Cossill and his Maori wife Pourewa (later known as Margaret) who raised a family in the far north of New Zealand from the mid 1830s. These posts investigate what happened to their first-born child  believed to have been called Ella - but later discovered to have been known as Sarah  - with many variants of the spelling of the surname CossillFollow this link for Part 1, and Part 2 of  Ella's/Sarah's story. Please leave a comment at the end or email me (see side panel for email function) if there is any information you would like me to amend or include. I am happy to be challenged as this is a work in progress, and it will be updated as new information arises.    All my information has been fact-checked with links or sources acknowledged or comes directly from primary evidence available online, mostly through Family Search, My Heritage, or Ancestry.com.  Even then, the information in some documents is only as accurate as details which were given or known at the time.  My speculation is clearly indicated as such.  I am incredibly grateful to New Zealand author Joan Druett who discovered our Ella/Sarah  in her research on women in whaling. She found my research here on Charles and Pourewa and joined the dots to connect it with her research on Sarah the whaling wife. I encourage you to read her books  to gain a greater understanding  of the context in which our Ella/Sarah lived. From this point on Ella  will be referred to as Sarah. 

It is interesting to speculate on Sarah's  decision to return to America as a 20 to 21-year old  widow,  the only female on the whale boat Jireh Swift - and pregnant.  The wife of Captain William Earl (also known as Earle) of the Jireh Swift had been known to travel with him, but I can find no evidence of her on this particular voyage, so Sarah is likely to have travelled unchaperoned.  It's a long time to be the only female on a whaler, even if it was returning straight home. Was it a measure of his respect for the late Charles or pity for his widow  that prompted William Earl to take Sarah back to America as a passenger?  Regardless, she would have been expected to pay for her passage which took three months. She either had the money already or may have been eventually entitled to her late husband's share of the whaling profits to date and possibly inherited his estate on return to America. Pure speculation, but the payment had to come from somewhere.  What made Sarah choose to leave her mother, father and siblings - and her buried husband -  and return to the other side of the world to uncertainty?  She had only been back in New Zealand for a few days since stowing away on the Arctic the previous year.  Sarah must have made a deliberate decision to give birth to her child in America - where she would have met Charles' family the previous year.  She must have liked them enough or felt obliged enough to return - or there may have been discord within her own family enough to make her not want to stay. Or maybe she just felt she had more opportunities in America - even as a solo mother. Charles must have left her well provided enough for her to consider being able to survive financially, or she had an expectation that his father could help her. 

 Given any of the possible circumstances that set this course of events in motion the previous year when Sarah stowed away on the Arctic,  she was undoubtedly a strong, independent and resilient woman who must have known it was unlikely that she would ever see her family again. 

The Jireh Swift left Mangonui on the 2nd of February and arrived back in New Bedford on May 6th 1857.  I have no details about  Sarah's movements after the Jireh Swift arrived at New Bedford, but she must have made her way back to Charles' home in Northfield, Merrimack, New Hampshire. 

"New Bedford, Massachusetts, 1854," House Divided: The Civil War Research Engine at Dickinson College, https://hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu/node/17826.

Do the Maths

By the time she left New Zealand on the Jireh Swift,  Sarah must have been aware she was pregnant. 

There have been two dates given for the birth of her son Charles Herbert Evans (later changed  to Charles Herbert Heath). According to a Thurston family history (published 1892), he was born on 1st July, 1857, at Northfield, New Hampshire.  At the risk of being  . . . indelicate . . . from this date, we can assume that conception would have been around late September 1856, well within the time frame of Sarah being on the Arctic with Charles Evans.  

On Charles Herbert Heath's headstone, the date August 11,1857 is given as his date of birth. Charles had also given August 1857 as his month and year of birth in the 1900 census.  This would suggest a conception date of about November 4th, which is 7 days after the death of his father on 28th October, 1856.  Accounting for Sarah being up to two weeks overdue in her pregnancy, it still works out that conception must have occurred not long before Charles A Evans' death (or not long after? Just a thought . . . ) In any case, Charles Evans would never have known Sarah was pregnant. 

 Sarah was in Northfield, New Hampshire by the time of her son's birth. have found what appears to be a 1905 transcript of Charles Herbert Evans' birth certificate. 

It has an unnamed male child, born August 11, at Northfield. The father's name is Chas Evans and there is no mention of the mother's name.  At the bottom of the certificate it says
"The State of New Hampshire: I hereby certify the above birth record is a correct transcript as required by Chap. 21, Session Laws, 1905. Signed Clerk of Northfield, Date: Dec 1, 1905.

This must be Sarah's baby, though interesting that her name wasn't included in the information.  Strangely, there's occasional references elsewhere (will add them when I re-find them) to Charles Herbert's father being Lyman B Evans (who was the late Charles  A Evans' brother).  This is not possible - given the dates and locations of all the key players and is probably incorrect information supplied by a family member at a later date. 

The next information I can find for Sarah is the 1860 (June) Federal census.

1860 Census (June):  Sarah Evans and son, 2-year-old Charles Evans, are in Sanbornton, Belknap, New Hampshire. Sarah is recorded as a house servant, with her son included in the household. 

Sarah is in the employment of Colonel Jeremiah Carter Tilton (aged 41) and his wife Emily  Tilton (aged 40) Other household members noted in the 1860 census are the Tiltons' sons Frank (14), Fred (11), and Charles (3). Tilton is very much a local name of significance and is connected to all the other notable local families by marriage across several generations. There is also a town called Tilton which was created alongside - and absorbed some of - Sanbornton in the 1850s and was named after the family's ancestral connection to the area. Jeremiah C was instrumental in the creation of this new town. 

Jeremiah C joined his father's woollen manufacturing business in 1848 (J & JC Tilton) and remained there for the next 20 years when the mill became G H Tilton Hosiery Co. (This information will be useful in the next installment of Sarah's story.) He was also a member of the Legislature in 1855.   In the 1860 census, Jeremiah C Tilton's occupation is listed as a manufacturer. Such was his interest in the textile process that he applied for, and was granted,  at least three patents for weaving, loom and flocking equipment. Jeremiah sold his business at the beginning of the Civil War when military responsibilities took over his time.  

In the 1861 New Hampshire Annual Register and United States Calendar, Jeremiah C Tilton is listed as a Justice and a Railroad Commissioner for the town of Sanbornton. In April 1861, after the outbreak of the Civil War, Jeremiah was one of the special aides appointed to manage the recruitment of volunteers to supply the regiment required of the state of New Hampshire. By August of that year he had been appointed Commissary of Subsistence. It was during his time as a commanding officer of commissary supplies that he contracted malaria in the swamps of Virginia, and the ongoing resulting health complications eventually caused his premature death at age 53 in 1872.  Jeremiah was  also the postmaster of Sanbornton Bridge from 1871 and was widely involved in public affairs until his death. 

Sarah appeared to have landed a job and accommodation with one of the notable families of Northfield.

As an interesting aside, in 1868 (after the war and after Sarah's time with the family)Jeremiah C  patented an "improved composition for dressing hair . . .  and for restoring grey and faded hair to its original colour and promoting its growth." The ingredients included precipitate of sulphur, superacetate of lead, glycerine, borax, spermaceti, Barbary tallow - and perfume. . .  

Other points of interest to note from this 1860 census page is that Sarah is the only non-New Hampshire-born resident on the entire page. Her place of birth is recorded as New Zealand, and then above it, Pac.Isl. seems to have been added as an after thought (Pacific Island).   There were 27 white males, 16 white females, no coloured males or females, no blind, deaf, dumb, or insane people, and one foreign born person - our Sarah. Here, and everywhere else I have seen this information required,  Sarah is classified as white.   By omission (a column to indicate persons under the age of 20 who cannot read and write) it is inferred that Sarah is literate. 

Of further interest, Sarah is living  probably two doors down from her parents-in-law.  House No. 548 on the page records the details of Sarah's late husband Charles Evans' family: father John, age 59, a farm labourer; his second wife Laura, aged 48; and his twin sons Horace and Hiram (19) and daughter Mahala (17).  The Rollins' house (recorded as house no.549 on the page) is between Sarah's parents-in-law's and her employer Jeremiah C Tilton's house (house no. 550 on the page). I wonder if this means that Sarah was on good terms with her in-laws and they were helping her find accommodation, employment and support nearby? Or did they not want her in their house, or maybe their house was too small? 

Of perplexing interest  in the census is that Sarah is recorded to own real estate to the value of $2000. No personal estate is recorded. This is more than her employer's  declared real estate of $1,500 and personal estate of $100.  I note that John Evans had no real or personal estate recorded, and Sarah's amount was similar to other householders on the street where it was recorded. Was this her husband Charles' estate that she inherited?  Where was it and why wasn't she living on it?  And if she had independent means, why was she a house servant? 

So many questions to ponder. But we now know what happened to her and why we could find no reference to her at all in New Zealand. 

 I'm pretty sure nothing nearly as exciting and adventurous happened to Sarah again in her life, and yet living in a totally different culture must have been adventure enough.  Just think of the short distance in time between Sarah's mother Pourewa's  "traditional" Maori early childhood in pre-Colonial New Zealand  and Sarah's son Charles' early childhood in the society of urbanised New Hampshire. What monumental changes in less than about fifty years. 

Stay tuned for the next instalment of "What happened next?"

Information on Jeremiah C Tilton is on p 303 of the book but page # 868 of the document on line. 

The Whaling History website is a collaboration between Mystic Seaport Museum and New Bedford Whaling Museum.  

Link takes you to Family Search site which requires a (free) membership. 

Friday, January 13, 2023

Richard Louis McLachlan: From New Zealand to a small place in American History - a Whale of a Tale.

Please feel free to contact me if you have any comments, corrections or further information to add. I am happy for any of my research to be challenged if it helps find the facts. From my research, I have not found any evidence of any direct descendants of Richard Louis McLachlan, but he will appear in many family trees. 

Note: I have used contemporary spelling for bark meaning a specific style of vessel (also known as barque). 

In my pursuit of researching the life and times of our family's New Zealand founding ancestors Henry Naysmith and Mary McLean (Duchess of Argyle, 1842) I started researching their first generation of descendants.  I have already published a post on their first-born child Alexander Naysmith

Moving on to the second-born Naysmith Mary Ann Argyle Naysmith (married Alexander Cleghorn McLachlan), I ended up on a side track looking for information on their first-born son Richard Louis McLachlan

I found nothing about him in any New Zealand context, but a Google search found information on Richard Lewis McLachlan who was the model for the Whaleman statue unveiled in New Bedford, Massachusetts, in 1913. 

Postcard of Whaleman statue 

A brief background on the Whaleman statue for the context of the rest of the story: 

The bronze and granite "Whaleman" statue is the most widely recognisable symbol of New Bedford, Massachusetts, and it's high on the list of local tourist attractions. Since its unveiling in 1913, it has been reproduced in postcards, stamps, souvenirs and even cuff links, book ends, glassware and china. Search for "Whaleman Statue" yourself to discover how many of such items are currently for sale. 

A bookend souvenir of the Whaleman statue  - note in this version, he is wearing a shirt. 

The inscription on the statue is: 

" A Dead Whale or a Stove Boat. In honour of the whalemen whose skill, hardihood, and daring brought fame and fortune to New Bedford and made its name known in every seaport of the globe."  Gift of W.W. Crapo. 

The statue was gifted to the city by local Congressman and notable citizen William Wallace Crapo to pay tribute to all the whalemen who set forth from the port of New Bedford on voyages which would typically take several years. Whaling and associated services and industries brought much wealth to New Bedford and also exposure to people from all over the world.  Crapo and the sculptor he commissioned, Bela Pratt, both had a vision of evoking the romance of the glory years of whaling of times gone by. The industry was now in decline, and new technology was taking the risk, skill, "romance" and adventure out of the process. 

Pratt wanted the statue to recall the ideal of the youthful, hardy, stout-hearted and self-reliant Yankee-born (white) whaling men who rose through ship-board hierarchy from the lowliest ranks to master and who, on land, became worthy citizens and civic leaders.  The inscription, "A Dead Whale or a Stove Boat" (succeed or suffer the consequences or, more bluntly, kill or be killed) was a direct quote from Captain Ahab in the novel Moby Dick  by Herman Melville and was described in a local paper as "a glowing, slashing, spirit-stirring phrase to inspire the youth of the city. . . "  The statue captured the moment when either the whale or the harpooner was likely to die.

Pratt insisted that, for authenticity and accuracy, an experienced and skilled boat steerer had to be the model, and so local retired boat steerer Richard Lewis McLachlan was chosen. It must be said that the glory days of whaling were over by this stage and authentic experienced youthful models were not readily available. There had been suggestions that a "Negro Cape Verdean" model would have been more historically accurate, but this did not fit the ideal that Crapo or Pratt had in mind. Whaling crews had become increasingly culturally and racially diverse with, in many cases, the majority of the crew not American born. No one seemed to have doubted Richard L McLachlan's all-American suitability, and he didn't seem to enlighten them of his Thames, New Zealand origins. Rather he alludes to an Oregon upbringing when he says he went to sea as a cabin boy from Portland Oregon.

Extract from "The Standard Times", June 20th, 1913: 

 . . . Mr McLachlan, "Dick" McLachlan as he is known to hundreds of New Bedford people, went down to the Old Dartmouth Historical rooms where he assumed position in a whaleboat and was photographed, and Mr Pratt was so pleased with the result that he summoned Mr McLachlan to his studio in Boston where day after day Mr McLachlan took his position in the bow of the whaleboat and posed for the sculptor as he worked. Of course, the statue is slightly heroic, as all such works must be, but it was from "Dick" McLachlan that the sculptor found the correct detail of position and caught the spirit of strength and power and alertness which he so cleverly worked into the figure. . . " 

From "The Standard Times", Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, United States,
20 June, 1913. 
 

The statue was unveiled with great civic fanfare, pomp and ceremony outside the New Bedford Civic Library on June 20, 1913.  Over a thousand  people were present and at least 17 dignitaries were seated in a specially erected and flag-draped stand. At least six men made speeches extolling the impact of whaling on the prosperity and character of New Bedford, the bravery, resilience and hardiness of whaling men, and the beneficence of W.W. Crapo who instigated the project and gifted the statue. There were lengthy and fulsome reports of the event, the distinguished participants, and the speeches in all the local newspapers.  A thorough account of the entire project appears in the Old Dartmouth Historical Sketches journal. 

It really was a big deal. 

Close up of face of whale man statue - shirtless, unlike some of the souvenirs. 
Checkout this one minute video for a closer look at the statue 

Whaleman statue unveiled June 20, 1913, at the front of the New Bedford Public Library

"Wouldn't that be funny if he was our Richard Louis McLachlan," I thought, but when he stated he began his merchant service in Oregon as a cabin boy, the time frame seemed outside what would be possible to be "our" Richard. I decided to look for any official records to locate the Oregon Richard McLachlan as well as the New Zealand-born Richard McLachlan to prove they were different people.  

And I found them. And they are the same person. Irrefutably. Here's his story:  

Richard's father, Alexander Cleghorn McLachlan, was born in Scotland and arrived in New Zealand in1841 on the Blenheim.  His mother Mary Ann Argyle Naysmith was born on the Duchess of Argyle which arrived in New Zealand from Scotland in 1842. Alexander and Mary  married on13th August, 1861, at the Stapleton Registry Office, Coromandel. Alexander McLachlan was involved in gold mining in Coromandel and Otago, and was later a sawyer in the Shortland mill at Thames in 1874. Mary's father, Henry Naysmith,  was also a gold miner in Coromandel at the same time. 

There is no official record available to confirm Richard's date or place of birth. Online family trees give either 10th March, 1862, at Thames, (do the maths) or 3rd October 1862, although most sources cited show his age not a specific date of birth.  If 10th of March was the correct date of birth, I wonder if 3rd October was perhaps a baptism date, or a date from a family Bible, although there is no online evidence to indicate that.  The birth year of 1862 may have been determined by subtracting his age from the date on one of the records sourced. His death certificate (see below) appears to be the only official document to state his date of birth  (March 10th 1864); however, this is likely to be unreliable as the informant (his wife Gertrude) has given his birth place as California and was not able to provide the name and birth place of his parents. Richard either never divulged his New Zealand family and origins, or Gertrude chose not to declare them. 

Even so, and allowing a margin of error,  Richard seems to have adjusted his age to suit the circumstances, with his year of birth being calculated as follows from the following sources included in this post;

- 1890    aged 26         voter registration        approx year of birth     1864

- 1890    aged 28         naturalisation             approx year of birth      1862

- 1906    aged 44         voter registration        approx year of birth      1862 

- 1908    aged 46         Alice Knowles             approx year of birth      1862 

- 1910    aged 46         marriage                     approx year of birth      1864

- 1911    aged 48         immigration                 approx year of birth      1863

- 1919    aged 55         death certificate         given year of birth         1864 

I think Richard deliberately subtracted two years from his age at the time of his marriage, and he maintained that deception to his death. To have been born in 1864 would have made him a very young cabin boy at nine years old (although not unheard of.) Admittedly, it is easy to forget your age the older you get. 

 I will make the assumption that Richard was likely to have been born in 1862, and that makes his age at going to sea as a cabin boy at about 11 or 12 years old which is still at the younger end but not out of the ordinary. It is interesting to speculate on why and how he ended up in this employment.  Did his parents find the job for him? Did he leave under the guardianship of a family member or friend? Was he keen to do the job and leave New Zealand not knowing if he would return or see his family again? Was he an unmanageable or delinquent child and needed strict boundaries and discipline to keep him out of trouble? Was his wage contributing to the family income? There were occasional advertisements in daily papers for "Cabin Boy Wanted - apply (name of ship)" but I can find very little further  information about cabin boys in a New Zealand context. 

According to his Wikitree biography, he attended Waio-karaka school in Thames - but this school was not opened until after he had left New Zealand. There was no source for the information, and it could be that he attended an informal or unofficial school; however, as an adult, he could read and write, as attested on immigration and voter registration records. 

From information given by Richard McLachlan himself at the time of the Whaleman statue's unveiling, he stated that he went to sea in 1873 as a cabin boy in the merchant service, voyaging from Portland Oregon to Queenstown, Ireland, round the horn. He may have been a year out, as his naturalisation document (see below) states he arrived 1874 - which is the more likely date. In his Whaleman interview, Richard may have deliberately not mentioned his New Zealand origins as it may not have fitted the all-American whaler image he had been chosen to represent as the statue model. But it seems his wife wasn't even aware of his New Zealand heritage, so he must have kept it very quiet - for whatever reason. 

 Even so, he still had to get from Auckland, New Zealand, to Portland, Oregon. We know this was his route from details on his naturalisation document declaring that he arrived at Portland on 8th August, 1874 (see below).   I have researched 1874 shipping traffic between New Zealand and Portland, Oregon, and I couldn't find a lot (Papers Past, shipping intelligence). From the only shipping movements to fit these dates, it is most likely that he left on 2nd July, 1874, on the ship Huntly Castle (Captain Macauley) taking ballast from Auckland. The Huntly Castle would then load a cargo of grain from Portland for the "Home country".  This could fit in with Richard's inclusion of Queenstown, Ireland, in the places he had been.  The following year (1875) the Huntly Castle brought cargo to Sydney from Liverpool and departed via Newcastle to Hong Kong. Somehow Richard ended back in USA in California, most likely San Francisco, from where he first embarked on his whaling adventures. 

Advertisement from Daily Southern Cross, Volume XXX, Issue 5254, 24 June 1874, Page 1
                                            The Huntly Castle finally left for Portland on the morning of 2 July. 

However he got there, he would have been a young boy, and his New Zealand childhood and family must have faded in its relevance to him over the years for him not to have mentioned it. There is plenty of room for speculation in the absence of any further information - factual or anecdotal. 

Richard stated that (after Ireland) he voyaged from New York to the West Indies and many other voyages to the western ocean. He continued in the merchant service until 1880.  In 1884 he went whaling along the Pacific coast and the Arctic. His very first whaling voyage was certainly memorable as his ship, the bark Rainbow (Capt. Barney Cogan), was caught in ice and shattered and sank within 20 minutes. The crew were rescued by the bark Fleetwing and Richard finished the season in the Artic on the bark Hunter, under the command of his former Rainbow captain,  Barney Cogan. 

In the mid to late 1880s, during the Southern California boom, Richard was employed on dry land as a longshoreman (dock worker) by the Broadway Steamship Company of which I can find no information in online searches. 

In 1890, Richard appeared in the California Voter Register. All the details except "Nativity" fit the likelihood of this being our Richard McLachlan.   (RL McLachlan, aged 26, occupation longshoreman and born Louisiana.)  The Louisiana place of birth may have been a deliberate deception to do with his residency legality or an administrative error. But other details fit.  Possibly not unrelated,  in September 1890, Richard applied for naturalisation, and his certificate confirms his New Zealand origins and his Portland, Oregon, connection.

This single piece of information joins several of the dots linking the New Zealand Richard Louis McLachlan to the Portland, Oregon Richard Lewis McLachlan. 


Next, Richard returned to Arctic whaling in the Berring Sea, employed by the Pacific Steam Whaling Company. He frequently wintered over in the Arctic circle, including the winter of 1895 on the steamer whaler Thrasher. The captain's wife AF (Fanny) Weeks kept  log of daily events and it gives a daily account of activities in the community of ships that wintered over. Tragically, Captain Charles Weeks died in an accident on board the ship.  Richard is not mentioned at all in the log. 

From The Evening Standard. (New Bedford, Bristol County)  Monday May 13, 1895 

The steam whaler Thrasher in the Arctic,1885 (10 years before Richard's time there). 
Alaska and Polar Regions Collections, Elmer E. Rasmuson Library, University of Alaska Fairbanks

Steam whale ship Beluga
In 1901 Richard was the 3rd mate of the steam whale ship Beluga under the command of the wonderfully named Hartson Hartlett Bodfish.   Here is a link to the logbook, where Richard (Mr McLoughlin) is mentioned two times (September 15th and 17th) being involved in "striking" whales. 

Richard had at least two more whaling voyages from San Francisco,  and was still based in California in 1906 where his name appeared in the California voter register again.  Note this time his birthplace is New Zealand and his occupation is labourer.  His occupation of  a land-based labourer rather than any maritime-based employment fits in with the location of Centreville, Butte County, which is well inland. It is likely that he was a labourer involved in the expanding development of towns and related infrastructure or the mining industry in this area; however, by the end of the year, he was back at sea as a 4th mate on the Alice Knowles, departing from San Francisco. 
1906 Voter Registration from the California Great Registers (1850 - 1920) 
Name: Richard Lewis McLachlan 
Age: 44
Height: 5'11 3/4" 
Occupation: Labourer 
Born: New Zealand 
Householder: No
Address: John Adams (Name of Post Office, named after post master) 
Naturalized: Los Angeles 
Able to read the constitution in English, write own name: Yes 
Precinct /Local residence: Centreville  (Butte, California)
By 1908, Richard had relocated to New Bedford, probably because of his promotion to 2nd mate on the Alice Knowles (which appears to have relocated to New Bedford for its next voyage) and under the command of J.A.M Earle who Richard had previously sailed with in 1903 as 4th mate on the Charles W Morgan. Captain Earle's wife was New Zealand-born Honor Mathews, a school teacher from Russell where Earle met her on a whaling layover.  Earle was quite a frequent visitor to New Zealand and had studied navigation here at one stage. After corresponding with each other, Honor travelled to Hawaii to marry him and eventually became an official navigator as she and their son went with Earle on whaling voyages. I wonder if Richard's New Zealand connection was known or relevant. 

In 1910, Richard married 37-year-old widow Clara Irene Gertrude Sylvia, born Lemos (known as Gertrude). The marriage register further confirms the New Zealand place of birth, although, as mentioned above, Richard's age does not equate with that of his naturalisation document. He either abbreviates or doesn't fully remember his mother's maiden name, but Alexander McLachlan and Mary (Nay)Smith are near enough for an absolute match.  

Detail from marriage register 
Information from marriage register 1910
Name: Richard L McLachlan / Clara I Sylvia "Lemos" 
Age: 46 /  37 
Marriage: first / second "W" (widow) 
Residence at time of marriage: New Bedford / New Bedford 
Occupation; seaman /at home 
Place of birth: New Zealand / Boston, Mass
Father's name: Alexander / Manuel Lemos 
Mother's maiden name: Mary Smith /Annie Lemos 
Married by: Charles S Thurber, clergyman New Bedford, Mass
Snapshot of some of the information from Germania Manifest of alien passengers 26th September, 1911

 In 1911 Richard went on his last whaling voyage, as 1st mate on the Valkyria.  While he was away, Gertrude hosted her sister Virginia's very quiet wedding at the McLachlans'  North Second Street home.  It was the same minister, Charles S Thurber who performed Gertrude's and Richard's wedding ceremony the previous year. Note that Gertrude's own first name is used rather than Mrs Richard McLachlan.  The bride and groom were to live with Gertrude in her home. I wonder if Richard knew about this before he arrived home in October.   


LOWDEN - LEMOS 
The wedding ceremony of Virginia V Lemos, daughter of Manuel E Lemos and Addie C Lemos  of the city, and Walter E Lowden of 97 Parker Street, was solemnised Saturday evening at 8 o'clock at the home of the bride's sister Mrs Gertrude McLachlan at 63 North Second Street. Only the immediate families and friends of the bride and bridegroom were present and the ceremony, which was performed by Rev Charles S Thurber, was of a very quiet nature. The best man was John H Tripp and the bridesmaid was Miss Aidlen Barrit  .... . The couple will reside at the home of Mrs Gertrude McLachlan. 

The next we hear of Richard is that he returned from the Azores on 6th October, 1911, most likely before the end of the season as he is travelling as a passenger rather than crew member. The information from the Germania's manifest (see below) further confirms what we've already discovered and, interestingly, he acknowledges his Scots ancestry rather than his NZ birth. It's heartening to discover that he wasn't a polygamist or an anarchist and intriguing to find that such information was required. His physical characteristics are also confirmed confirmed. He is 5' 11" tall, with light brown hair  (probably born blonde) and has blue eyes. A rosy complexion is probably an indication of his Scots heritage. It intrigues me that after so much time at sea  in all  weathers,  his complexion is still described as rosy. Do they mean florid? ruddy? He certainly does not appear to have been swarthy, as I had imagined. Less romantically it could also suggest sunburn, windburn or exposure to any other excess his 100% Scots complexion could not accommodate. 
Information from Germania Manifest of alien passengers 26th September 1911:
Name: Richard L McLachlan 
Age: 48 
Sex and Marita Status: M(ale), M(arried)
Can read and Write:  Ditto marks under Yes and Yes in columns above 
Nationality (Country of which citizen or subject)  USA  - and overwritten "Brit" 
Race or people: Scotch 
Last permanent residence: New Bedford, USA (Stamped: Non-Immigrant Alien )
Final destination: New Bedford, USA 
Ticket: Yes - has one, paid for by himself
Has over $50 or if not, how much: $5 
Been in US before? When and where: Yes 1873/1910, New Bedford and and other places 
Whether a polygamist or an anarchist: No on each count. 
Physical and mental health: Good
Not deformed or crippled: tick 
Notes: Has 350 coming to him, wages accrued from whaling 
Height: 5'11" 
Complexion: rosy 
Hair: Light brown
Eyes: Blue 
After his return from the Azores in October 1911, Richard seems to have remained on land and found employment as a labourer, according to the New Bedford city directories. Within about a year, Richard had been chosen for the Whaleman model (see beginning of post.)  He and  Gertrude continued to live on North Second Street until they relocated to 69 Walden Street, and then by1914 to139 Hillman Street where Richard remained until his death. Gertrude's sister continued to live with them for a while, and for some time without husband Walter E Lowry who lived on State Street, according to the 1917 New Bedford Directory.  Online family tree information indicates that Walter and Virginia had four children between 1914 and 1923, so Richard and Gertrude's household may have included young children.  It seems that Gertrude remained in close contact with her family and siblings who also lived locally. 

Even though he was widely known to have been the model, and his limited biography and illustrious whaling exploits were widely published at the time of the unveiling, Richard is not listed amongst the notable guests and dignitaries present, nor is it noted if he was even present at the event. Surely he was, though. He seems to have sunk back into his former obscurity, probably well enough known in local whaling circles and gatherings of retired whalers.  He may have had to endure the mis-directed scorn of a few vocal critics who found fault with the his stance, the way he held the harpoon, and even the fact that he was shirtless. The sculptor unashamedly used artistic licence in the interests of achieving his vision. 

And that's pretty much all the information there is on Richard L McLachlan until his death on 6th December, 1919 - which was reported on  Page 1 of the local newspaper that evening.  His obituary seems to have been taken straight out of information already published about him at the time of his modelling for the Whaleman statue.  The article also included a photo of him (see above). 

Page 1 headline on Evening Standard, 6th December, 1919 

 From his death certificate (see below) it states that he died of apoplexy as a consequence of acute endocarditis, and he was buried in the Rural Cemetery, New Bedford. on the 9th December.  Apart from the mention in his death certificate, I can find no other indication of his burial or location in this cemetery.
Death Certificate for Richard Louis McLachlan 

Note that his widow Gertrude was either unaware of, or chose not to give, the details that he was born in New Zealand. Surely, at some stage in their marriage Richard would have divulged it? It was certainly entered in the record of their marriage registration. Maybe Gertrude never saw that.  Likewise the date given for his year of birth is questionable.  While 10th March could be correct, the year 1864 is very likely to be 2 years later than his actual birth, as mentioned previously. 

His funeral took place at his home, 139 Hillman St, on Tuesday 9th December at 2pm, from where he was taken to the Rural Cemetery.  Note that his death notice invites relatives to attend, of which Richard had none in USA, although he would have had in-laws.

Richard L McLachlan's  funeral notice, The Evening Standard, New Bedford, Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States, December 8, 1919.  

From Gertrude's card of thanks, published a few days after his death, it is noted that Richard was a member of at least one of the New Bedford fraternal societies: "The Fraternal Society of Tigers". I can find very little other information about the society apart from it being mentioned in relation to the deaths of other members, and it organising a local dance once.   


From The New Bedford Evening Standard, Wednesday December 10, 1919
Difficult to read but says: I wish to extend my heartfelt thanks to the Fraternal Order of Tigers for their kindness, sympathy and attention shown me during my late bereavement. MRs Richard McLachlan. And the second one says: I wish to extend my sincere thanks to my relatives and friends for their kindness and sympathy during my late bereavement. Mrs Richard L McLachlan. 

Below is a timeline - approximate in places - of the known major events and activities in Richard's life.  I wonder if he corresponded with family in New Zealand and if he was ever aware of the births and deaths of his family members, some of whom were born after his departure.  It is possible that he visited ports in New Zealand, especially in his merchant shipping days, but I can find no evidence. Even if he did visit, family would have had to be living close enough to his port of arrival to have had time to meet him. 

Time line for Richard Louis McLachlan

1862 - 10th March, born in Thames, Coromandel, New Zealand (DOB unconfirmed) 

1865 - birth of brother Henry Alexander McLachlan (1865 - 1944) 

1870 - birth of sister Annie Catherine McLachlan (1868 - 1939) 

1873 - birth of sister Elizabeth Mary McLachlan (1873 - 1939) 

1873 - first went to sea as cabin boy in merchant service, based in Portland, Oregon.(Likely               to be incorrect, more likely to be 1874.  

1874 - 8th August - arrived Portland, Oregon, USA 

1875 - birth of sister Janet Isabella McLachlan (1875 - 1876) 

1876 - death of sister Janet Isabella McLachlan 

1879 - birth of sister Margarita Ewena McLachlan (1879 = 1937) 

1882 - birth of sister Janet Scott McLachlan (1882 - 1944) 

1884 - 10th December, first whaling voyage on bark Rainbow (San Francisco, Capt. Barney Cogan) 

1885 - 14th April, Rainbow crushed by ice off Mys Navarin, Bering Sea, sank in 20 minutes. 

         - 31st December, Arctic whaling voyage, bark Hunter (San Francisco, Capt. Barney Cogan)

1886 - 15th November, Hunter returned to San Francisco

between: Employed by Pacific Steam Whaling Company

1890 - 15th September, applied for naturalisation as US citizen 

1890 - Employed as Longshoreman at San Diego (Broadway Steamship Company)

1894 - 5th mate on steam bark Thrasher 

1895 - Boat steerer on the steamer Thrasher in the Arctic. 

1901 - 3rd mate on steamer Beluga 

1902 - 3rd mate on bark John & Winthrop (Capt. WF Macomber)

         - death of father Alexander Cleghorn McLachlan, New Zealand.  

1903 - 4th mate on Charles W Morgan (San Francisco - Capt. J.A.M  Earle

1906 - 1st July - living at Centerville, Butte, California

         - 1st December sailed, 4th mate on bark Alice Knowles (San Francisco - Capt. Thomas Scullan) 

1908 - 2nd mate on Alice Knowles (New Bedford - Capt. J.A.M  Earle) to Indian Ocean. Voyage left 4th November for 2 years.   

1910 - 20th August, married widow Clara Gertrude (Lemos) Silva

         - living at 63 N Second (householder)

1911 - 1st mate on whaling schooner Valkyria (left ship in Fayal, Azores, September 1911) 

1911 - 6th October, arrived New York from Azores,  returning from whaling voyage

         - living at 63N Second, occupation: mariner 

1913 - 20th June, Whaleman statue unveiled 

1914 - living at 69 Walden (householder), occupation: labourer

1915 - living at 69 Walden, occupation: Laborer 

1916 - living at 139 Hillman, (householder), occupation: labourer 

1918 - living at 139 Hillman, (householder)occupation: Laborer 

         - death of mother Mary Anne Argyle Naysmith, New Zealand.  

1919 - living at 139 Hillman, occupation: Laborer 

         - died 6th December at 139 Hillman St., New Bedford, MA 

1942 - Gertrude died 

After all that research, and after thinking I was the only person who had found the Whaleman model's New Zealand origins, I discovered an article by maritime writer Andrew German about the various nationalities who had been crew on the historic whaler Charles W Morgan  (Mystic Seaport Magazine, Spring/Summer 2014)  He wrote:

" Another New Zealander was Richard McLachlan, who served as 4th mate on the 1903 - 04 voyage. McLachlan later posed for Bela Lyon Pratt's sculpture A Dead Whale or a Stove Boat which stands next to the New Bedford Free Public Library." 

So there must be more information out there still. I have thoroughly enjoyed researching and unravelling the mystery of what happened to Richard Louis McLachan and confirming the New Zealand connection to the New Bedford Whaleman statue. Richard would have been my grandfather's first cousin (my first cousin three times removed, I think) but I know there will be other descendants of Alexander Cleghorn McLachlan and Mary Argyle Naysmith who will have a closer connection.   

Through his renowned recognition as "The Whaleman"  of New Bedford, Richard Louis (Lewis) McLachlan could very well be the most famous New Zealand Naysmith descendant. In any case, it's a whale of a story.   


References, other Sources and further reading:

- The Evening Standard (New Bedford, Bristol County)

        - May 17, 1894 

        - April 25, 1901 

        - May 5, 1902 

        - May 7 1907 

        - November 5, 1908 

        - December 8, 1919 

        - December 10, 1919 

The Standard Times

        - June 20, 1913, Page: 5  (includes photo, "My Heritage" site, behind paywall)  

- Massachusetts, U.S., Marriage Records, 1840-1915 (Ancestry.com) 

- New York, U.S., Arriving Passenger and Crew Lists (including Castle Garden and Ellis Island), 1820-1957 (Ancestry.com) 

- California, U.S., Voter Registers, 1866-1898 (Ancestry.com) 

U.S., Naturalization Records, 1840-1957(Ancestry.com) 

- U.S., City Directories, 1822 - 1925 (Ancestry.com) 

- California Great Registers, 1850-1920 (Page 176 / 707) (Family Search) 

New Bedford, Massachusetts, City Directory, (1918) (Ancestry.com) 

New Bedford, Massachusetts, City Directory, (1918) (Ancestry.com) 

- New Bedford, Massachusetts, City Directory, (1919) (Ancestry.com) 

- Massachusetts, U.S., Death Index, 1901-1980 (Ancestry.com) 

- Massachusetts State Vital Records, 1841-1920, ( Family Search), (Page 26/509) 

- The Dukes County Intelligencer (1971) Vol. 13, No.2 
This is an article about whaling in the Arctic including the time of Richard McLachlan's time there, and mentions the steamer Thrasher, on which Richard McLachlan was, at one time, a boat steerer. 

- The Aug. 1894 to March 1896 Herschel Island diary of Sophie Porter, wife of Captain William Porter of the whaler Jessie H. Freeman 
This is the transcribed journal of one of the wives of the whaling captains based in the Arctic at the same time as Richard McLachlan was there on the  steamer  Thrasher in 1895. It recounts many of the same events as the log kept by the wife of Captain Charles Weeks of the Thrasher

- Link to prints showing various aspects of whaling in the Arctic. From William Gilkerson’s book, American Whalers in the Western Arctic published in 1983, which included the 12 color plates
Of particular interest is a painting titled  July Fourth at Herschel Island, 1895 which is where Richard McLachlan was on that very day. 

- News article about the centenary of the Whaleman Statue 

- Congressional Record  June 20, 2013 Richard McLachlan's role as model for the Whaleman statue is noted in an address in the House of Representatives by Hon. William R Keating of Massachusetts to mark the centenary of its unveiling. 

Old Dartmouth Historical Sketches 
p.325 - 327 are about the "model" Richard Lewis McLachlan, but pages 298 - 336 recount every aspect imaginable about the statue from its original concept to its reception by locals and visitors.